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Requiem sharks are sharks of the family Carcharhinidae in the order Carcharhiniformes, containing migratory, live-bearing sharks of warm seas (sometimes of brackish or fresh water) such as the spinner shark, the blacknose shark, the blacktip shark, the blacktail reef shark, and the blacktip reef shark. The name may be related to the French word for shark, ''requin'', which is itself of disputed etymology. One derivation of the latter is from Latin ''requiem'' ("rest"), which would thereby create a cyclic etymology (''requiem-requin-requiem''), but other sources derive it from the verb ''reschignier'' ("to grimace while baring teeth").〔https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/requin〕 Family members have the usual carcharhiniform characteristics. Their eyes are round, and the pectoral fins are completely behind the five gill slits. Most species are viviparous, the young being born fully developed. They vary widely in size, from as small as adult length in the Australian sharpnose shark, up to adult length in the tiger shark.〔Compagno, L.J.V. (Family Carcharhinidae - Requiem sharks ) in Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2010. (FishBase ). World Wide Web electronic publication, version (10/2013).〕 Requiem sharks are responsible for a large proportion of attacks on humans; however, due to the difficulty in identifying individual species, a degree of inaccuracy exists in attack records.〔(ISAF Statistics on Attacking Species of Shark ) 〕 ==Classification== The 60 species of requiem shark are grouped into 12 genera:〔 * Genus ''Galeocerdo'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837 * * ''Galeocerdo cuvier'' Péron & Lesueur, 1822 (tiger shark) * Genus ''Scoliodon'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1838 * * ''Scoliodon laticaudus'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1838 (spadenose shark) * * ''Scoliodon macrorhynchos'' Bleeker, 1852 (Pacific spadenose shark) * Genus ''Carcharhinus'' Blainville, 1816 * * ''Carcharhinus acronotus'' Poey, 1860 (blacknose shark) * * ''Carcharhinus albimarginatus'' Rüppell, 1837 (silvertip shark) * * ''Carcharhinus altimus'' S. Springer, 1950 (bignose shark) * * ''Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides'' Whitley, 1934 (graceful shark) * * ''Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos'' Bleeker, 1856 (grey reef shark) * * ''Carcharhinus amboinensis'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839 (pigeye shark) * * ''Carcharhinus borneensis'' Bleeker, 1858 (Borneo shark) * * ''Carcharhinus brachyurus'' Günther, 1870 (copper shark) * * ''Carcharhinus brevipinna'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839 (spinner shark) * * ''Carcharhinus cautus'' Whitley, 1945 (nervous shark) * * ''Carcharhinus cerdale'' C. H. Gilbert, 1898 (Pacific smalltail shark) * * ''Carcharhinus coatesi'' Whitley, 1939 (Coates' shark) * * ''Carcharhinus dussumieri'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839 (whitecheek shark) * * ''Carcharhinus falciformis'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839 (silky shark) * * ''Carcharhinus fitzroyensis'' Whitley, 1943 (creek whaler) * * ''Carcharhinus galapagensis'' Snodgrass & Heller, 1905 (Galapagos shark) * * ''Carcharhinus hemiodon'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839 (Pondicherry shark) * * ''Carcharhinus humani'' W. T. White & Weigmann, 2014 (Human's whaler shark) * * ''Carcharhinus isodon'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839 (finetooth shark) * * ''Carcharhinus leiodon'' Garrick, 1985 (smoothtooth blacktip shark) * * ''Carcharhinus leucas'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839 (bull shark) * * ''Carcharhinus limbatus'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839 (blacktip shark) * * ''Carcharhinus longimanus'' Poey, 1861 (oceanic whitetip shark) * * ''Carcharhinus macloti'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839 (hardnose shark) * * ''Carcharhinus melanopterus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 (blacktip reef shark) * * ''Carcharhinus obscurus'' Lesueur, 1818 (dusky shark) * * ''Carcharhinus perezi'' Poey, 1876 (Caribbean reef shark) * * ''Carcharhinus plumbeus'' Nardo, 1827 (sandbar shark) * * ''Carcharhinus porosus'' Ranzani, 1839 (smalltail shark) * * ''Carcharhinus sealei'' Pietschmann, 1913 (blackspot shark) * * ''Carcharhinus signatus'' Poey, 1868 (night shark) * * ''Carcharhinus sorrah'' ]'' (Rüppell, 1837) (whitetip reef shark) † = extinct 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「requiem shark」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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